Immuno Modulatory Potentials and Histopathological Effects of Aqueous Extract of Abrus Precatorius Leaf in Mus Musculus

Authors

  • Saganuwan Alhaji Saganuwan Department Of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology And Biochemistry, College Of Veterinary Medicine, University Of Agriculture, P.M.B .2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
  • Patrick Azubuike Onyeyili Department Of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology And Biochemistry, College Of Veterinary Medicine, University Of Agriculture, P.M.B .2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
  • Emmanuel Udok Etuk Department Of Pharmacology, College Of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2254, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12974/2312-5411.2014.01.02.3

Keywords:

Abrus precatorius leaf, anaemia, asthma, immunity, hepatitis, myocardiatis.

Abstract

Aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius leaf is being used by Nupe community of Nigeria to treat infectious diseases including malaria, pneumonia, typhoid, diarrhoea, wound and candidiasis. The aim of the research was to study immunomodulatory potentials and histopathological effects of the extract. Forty-two mice of either sex weighing 28.25+5.92 g used for the study were divided into 6 groups of seven mice each administered 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bodyweight for a period of 3 weeks. The body weight and blood samples of the mice were obtained prior to the administration of the extract and subsequently weekly. One-third milliliter (0.33 ml) of blood was obtained from the tail vein of each mice and placed in ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA) sample bottles for haematology. Liver, lung, spleen and heart were harvested for histopathology. Observed are significantly increased (p<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocytes, lymphocytes, decreased neutrophils, monocytes, basophils and eosinophils. Histopathology revealed interstial haemorrhage and mononuclear cells infiltration of hepatocytes, thinning of alveolar septae and widening of alveolar spaces, myocarditis with mononuclear cells infiltration and moderate hyperplasia of white pulp of spleen. Hence, the plant may be used in the treatment of anaemia, asthma and immune-compromised diseased conditions. Abrus agglutinin and abrin have been responsible for immunomodulatory and cytotoxic activities of the plant respectively. 

References

Mann, A., Gbate, M., Nda, Umar, A. Eds. Medicinal and Economic plants of Nupeland. Bida, Jube Evans Books and publications, 2003; p. 225.

Budavari, S. Jecquirity Bean. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals, 10th edition, New Jersey, Merck & Co., Inc, 1989; p. 560.

Davis, J.H. Abrus Precatorius (rosary pea). The most common lethal plant poison. Journal of Florida Medical Association 1978; 65: 189-191.

Saganuwan, S.A., Onyeyili, P.A. Biochemical effects of aqueous leaf extract of Abrus precatorius (Jecquirity bean) in Swiss albino mice. Herba polonica 2010; 56 (3): 63-80.

Saganuwan, S.A. Some tropical plants with antihypertensive, antiasthmatic and antidiabetic value. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants 2009; 15 (1): 24-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496470902787477 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10496470902787477

Saganuwan, S.A., Gulumbe, M.L. In vitro antimicrobial activities testing of Abrus precatorius cold water leaf extract on Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumonia. Proceeding of 2nd Annual Conference Nigerian Society Indigene Knowledge Develop, CRUTECH, Obabra, Cross River 2005; pp. 93-97.

Saganuwan, S.A., Gulumbe, M.L. In vitro antimicrobial activities testing of Abrus precatorius cold water leaf extract on Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. Science Technology Research 2005; 4(3): 70- 73.

Adelowotan, O., Albinu, I., Adenipekun, E., Odugbemi, T. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of Abrus precatorius (L) Fabaceae extract on some clinical pathogens. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal 2008; 15(1): 32-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1117-1936.180923

Saganuwan, S.A., Onyeyili P.A., Ameh, I.G. In vivo antiplasmodial activity by aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius in mice. Revista Latinoamericana de Quinica 2011; 39(1-2): 32-44.

Saganuwan, S.A., Onyeyili, P.A. Haematonic and plasma expander effects of aqueous leaf extract of Abrus precatorius in Mus musculus. Comparative Clinical Pathology 2012; 21(6): 1249-1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-011-1274-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-011-1274-8

Sivakumar, R., Alagesaboopathi C. Studies on cytotoxicity and antitumor screening of red and white forms of Abrus precatorius. African Journal of Biotechnology 2008; 7(22): 3988.

Kirtikar, K.R., Basu, B.D. Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol. 1, International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun, India, 1980.

Limmatvapirat, C., Sirisopanapom, Kittakoop, P. Antitubercular andtiplasmodial constitutents of Abrus prectorius. Planta Medica 2004; 70(3): 276-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-818924 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-818924

Watt, J.M., Breyer-Brandiwijk, A. The Medicinal Poisoning Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa, 2nd edition, Livingstone Publishers, London, UK, 1962.

Ligha, A., Jaja, B., Numbere, N. Protective effect of Abrus precatorius seed extract following alcohol induced renal damage. Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research 2009; 25(3): 428-436. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/phmedj.v3i2.45242

Saganuwan, S.A., Onyeyili, P.A., Suleiman, A.O. Comparative toxicological effects of orally and intraperitoneally administered aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius leaf in Swiss albino mice. Herba Polonica 2011; 57(3): 32-44.

Saganuwan, S.A. Toxicological and antimalarial effects of aqueous leaf extract of Abrus precatorius (Jecquirity bean) in Swiss albino mice. PhD Thesis, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, 2012.

Saganuwan, S.A. Principles of Pharmacological calculations, 1st edition, Ahmadu Bello University Printing Press, Zaria 2012; p. 527.

CIOMS. International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals, c/o WHO 121, Geneva 1985; p. 9.

Yamba, O., Innocent, P.G., Odile, G.N. Biological and toxicological study of aqueous root-extract from Mitragyna inermis (Willd oktze) Rubiaceae. International Journal of Pharmacology 2007; 3(1): 80-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2007.80.85 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2007.80.85

Saganuwan, S.A. A modified arithmetical method of Reed and Muench for determination of a relatively ideal median lethal dose (LD50). African Journal of Pharmacy Pharmacology 2011; 5(12): 1543-1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.393 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.393

Cheesbrough, M. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical countries. Part 1, low price edition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2005; p. 434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511581304

Carlton, H.M. Carlton’s Histological techniques, 5th edition. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1980.

Zar, J.H. Biostatistical Analysis. New Delhi, Dorling Kindersley pvt. Ltd. 2008; p. 663.

Brown, B.A. Hematology principles and procedures. 2nd edition. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1976; p. 200.

Tvedten H., Weiss, D. Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods. 2nd edition. Philadelphia London Toronto Montreal Sydney Tokyo, W.B. Saunders Company, A Division of Harcourt Brace & Company, 1999; p. 395.

Adedapo, A.A., Omoloye, O.A., Ohore, O.G. Studies on the toxicity of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Abrus precatorius in rats. Onderstepport Journal of Veterinary Research 2007; 74: 31-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v74i1.137 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v74i1.137

Kastinath, R.T. Hypolipidemic effect of disulphide in rats fed high lipids diet and/or ethanol. PhD Thesis University of Bangalore, India, 1990; pp. 221-225.

Guyton, A.C., Hall, J.E. Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th edition, Saunders, An imprint of Elsevier, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2007; p. 1116.

Fange, R., Sundell, G. Lymphomyeloid tissue, blood cells and plasma proteins in chimaera monstrosa (Piscea holocephali). Acta Zoologica 1969; 50: 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.1969.tb00537.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.1969.tb00537.x

Tripathi, S., Maith, T.K. Immuno-modulatory role of native and heat denatured agglutinin from Abrus precatorius. International Journal of Biochemistry Cell Biology 2005; (3713): 451-462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2004.07.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2004.07.015

Taur, D.J., Patil, R.Y. Effect of Abrus prectorius leaves on milk induced leukocytosis and eosinophilia in the management of asthma. Asian Pacific Tropical Journal 2013; 1(1): 40-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60119-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60119-6

Garg, S.K. Abrus precatorius. In: Garg, S.K., Ed. Veterinary Toxicology, New Delhi, CBS publishers & Distributor, Darya Ganji 2006; p. 321.

Hart, M. Jecquirity bean poisoning. New England Journal of Medicine 1963; 268: 885-886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM196304182681608 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM196304182681608

Downloads

Published

2014-07-25

How to Cite

Saganuwan, S. A., Onyeyili, P. A., & Etuk, E. U. (2014). Immuno Modulatory Potentials and Histopathological Effects of Aqueous Extract of Abrus Precatorius Leaf in Mus Musculus. Journal of Hematology Research, 1(2), 54–62. https://doi.org/10.12974/2312-5411.2014.01.02.3

Issue

Section

Articles