Season of the Year should be Considered in the Interpretation of Hematology in Carthusian Broodmares
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12974/2312-5411.2014.01.02.4Keywords:
Horse, hematology, seasonal variations.Abstract
This research was designed to provide data on the influence of the season on the year in the hematology of the Carthusian broodmares. Thirty-eight healthy Carthusian broodmares, aged 7-14 years were sampled during a year every two weeks. Therefore, a total of 24 blood samples were withdrawn for each animal. The following variables were measured: red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, volumetric indexes (mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), total white blood cell count and subtypes (neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils), platelet count and serum concentrations. Red blood cell count and packed cell volume were higher in spring. Mean corpuscular volume increased in autumn and mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased in summer and autumn. Platelet count increased in summer. The highest numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils were found in spring. Serum proteins and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio remained statistically unchanged during the study. It is concluded that there is seasonality in the hematological parameters of the Carthusian broodmares.
References
Messer NT. The use of laboratory tests in equine practice. Vet Clin North Am: Equine Pract 1995; 11: 345-350. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30305-X
Satué K. Hematología en la yegua Pura Raza Española de Estirpe Cartujana. Doctoral Thesis. Departament of Animal Medicine and Surgery. CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia, Spain, 2004.
Lording PT. Erythrocytes. Vet Clinics North Am: Equine Pract 2008; 24(2): 225-237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2008.04.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2008.04.002
Satué K, Blanco O, Muñoz A. Age-related differences in the hematological profile of Andalusian broodmares of Carthusian strain. Vet Med Czech 2009; 54: 175-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/32/2009-VETMED
Gill J, Wanska E. Seasonal changes in erythrocyte, hemoglobin and leukocyte indexes in barren mares of thoroughbred horses. Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol 1978; 26(5): 347-353.
Gill J, Kownacka M. Seasonal changes in erythrocyte, hemoglobin and leukocyte indexes in pregnant mares of thoroughbred horses. Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol 1979; 27(2): 143-148.
Satué K, Gardon JC, Muñoz A. Influence of the month of the year in the hematological profile in Carthusian broodmares. Hematololy Leukemia 2013; 1(6): 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7243/2052-434X-1-6
Gill J, Szwarocka-Priebe T, Krupska U, Peplowska Z. Seasonal changes in haematological indices, protein and glycoprotein levels and in activity of some enzymes in Arabian horses. Bull Acad Polon Sci Ser Sci Biol 1979; 26: 719-723.
Piccione G, Assenza A, Fazio F, Giudice E, Caola G. Different periodicities of some haematological parameters in exercise-loaded athletic horses and sedentary horses. J. Equine Sci 2001; 12(1): 17-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1294/jes.12.17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.12.17
Kristal-Boneh E, Froom P, Harari G, Shapiro Y, Green MS. Seasonal changes in red blood cell parameters. Br J Haematol 1993; 85(3): 603-607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb03354.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb03354.x
Ruiz G, Rosenmann M, Cortes A. Thermal acclimation and seasonal variations of erythrocyte size in the Andean mouse Phyllotis xanthopygus rupestris. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2004; 139: 405-409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.03.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.03.003
Cheung AK, Yan G, Greene T, Daugirdas JT, Dwyer JT, Levin NW, Ornt DB, Schulman G, Eknoyan G. Seasonal variations in clinical and laboratory variables among chronic hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 2345- 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ASN.0000026611.07106.A7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASN.0000026611.07106.A7
Peng L, Yang J, Lu X, Okada T, Kondo T, Ruan C, Wu Y, Xin X. Effects of biological variations on platelet count in healthy subjects in China. Thromb Haemost 2004; 91: 367-372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1160/TH03-05-0276
Paglieroni TG, Holland PV. Circannual variation in lymphocyte subsets, revisited. Transfusion 1994; 34: 512- 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34694295067.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34694295067.x
Broadbens S. Seasonal changes in haematology, lymphocyte transferrin receptors and intracellular iron in Ironman triathletes and untrained men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111(1): 93-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1635-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1635-z
Haus E, Lakatua DJ, Swoyer J, Sackett-Lundeen L. Chronobiology in hematology and immunology. Am J Anat 1983; 168: 467-517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001680406 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001680406
Gill J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E. Seasonal changes in the red blood cell indices in Arabian brood mares and their foals. Comp Biochem Physiol A 1986; 83(4): 643-651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(86)90703-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(86)90703-6
Hata T, Ogihara T, Maruyama A, Mikami H, Nakamaru M, Naka T, Kumahara Y, Nugent CA. The seasonal variation of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens A 1982; 4: 341-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10641968209060747 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/10641968209060747
Donoghue AM, Sinclair MJ, Bates GP. Heat exhaustion in a deep underground metalliferous mine. Occup Environ Med 2000; 57(3): 165-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.57.3.165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.57.3.165
Eckersall PD. Proteins, proteomics, and the dysproteinemias. In: Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML Eds. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, Elsevier/Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2008; pp 117-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-370491-7.00005-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-370491-7.00005-2
Ghosal AK, Appanna TC, Dwaraknath PK. Studies on the seasonal variations in the blood constituents of lndian camel (Camelus dromedarius). Ind J Anim 1973; Si 43: 642-644.
Salman R, Afzal M. Seasonal variations in haematological and serum biochemical parameters in racing camels. J Camel Sci 2004; 1: 63-65.
Rowlands GJ, Little W, Stark AJ, Manston R. The blood composition of cows in commercial dairy herds and its relationships with season and lactation. Br Vet J 1979; 135: 64-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1935(17)32990-1
Singh CA, Rattan PJS. Seasonal variations in the contents of haemoglobin and the packed cell volume in the blood of Corriedale rams. J Res Agricultural University 1981; 18: 341- 344.
Crawford VL, McNerlan SE, Scout RW. Seasonal changes in platelets, fibrinogen and factor VII in elderly people. Age Ageing 2003; 32(6): 661-665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afg113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afg113
Sothern RB, Farber MS, Gruber SA. Circannual variations in baseline blood values of dogs. Chronobiol Int 1993; 10(5): 364-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420529309064491 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/07420529309064491
Gill J, Skwarlo K, Flisinska-Bojanowska A. Diurnal changes in the level of lactic and pyruvic acid and glucose in the thoroughbred horses. J Int Cycle Res 1972; 3: 305-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09291017209359340 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09291017209359340
Kostelecka-Myrcha A. Regularities of variations of the haematological values characterizing the respiratory function of blood in mammals. Acta Theriol 1997; 18: 1-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/AT.arch.73-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4098/AT.arch.73-1
Apanius V. Stress and immune response. In: Moller AP, Milinski M, Slater PBJ Eds. Stress and behaviour, Acedemic Press, New York, 1998; pp 133-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60363-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60363-0
Bokenes L, Alexandersen TE, Tveita T, Osterud B, Mercer JB. Physiological and hematological responses to cold exposure in young subjects. Int J Circumpolar Health 2004; 63(2): 115-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v63i2.17698 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v63i2.17698
Dzierzykray-Rogalski T. Rytmy i antyrytmy biologiczne. Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa, 1980.
Nelson RJ, Demas GE. Seasonal changes in immune function. Quarterly Rev Biol 1996; 71(4): 511-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/419555 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/419555
McKeever KH. The endocrine system and the challenge of exercise. Vet Clinics North Am: Equine Pract 2002; 18: 321- 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0739(02)00005-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0739(02)00005-6
Gill J, Flisinska-Bojanowska A, Grzelkowska K. Diurnal and seasonal changes in the WBC number, neutrophil percentaje and lysozyme activity in the blood of barren, pregnant and lactating mares. Adv Agr Sci 1994; 3(1): 15-23.
Fazio EP, Medica L, Grasso C, Messineo A, Ferlazzo. Changes of circulating ????-endorphin, adrenocorticotrophin and cortisol concentrations during growth and rearing in Thoroughbred foals. Livest Sci 2009; 125: 31-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.02.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.02.021
Fazio EP, Medica A, Ferlazzo. Seasonal patterns of circulating ????-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in pregnant and barren mares. Bulg J Vet Med 2009 12: 125-135.
Gill J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Jakubow K, Kott A, Szumska D. Seasonal changes in the white blood cell system, lyzozyme activity and cortisol level in Arabian brood mares and their foals. Comp Biochem Physiol A 1985; 81(3): 511-523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(85)91019-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(85)91019-9
Czarniecki W. Niektóre aspekty kliniczne biorytmów. Med Lot 1972; 38: 45-63.
Gill J. Dwuletnie badania sezonowych zmian wskaznikow hematoloigcznych I bialkowych krwi koni arabskich. Med Wet 1982; 38: 309-312.
Prendergast BJ, Bilbo SD, Dhabhar FS, Nelson RJ. Effects of photoperiod history on immune responses to intermediate day lengths in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). J Neuroimmunol 2004; 149(1-2): 31-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.12.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.12.006